Urinary tract infections: More than just a mere inconvenience

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in women. More than 50% of women will experience at least one UTI in their lifetime, and approximately 27% have a symptomatic recurrence within six months of their initial episode1,2. While many may assume that UTIs are “simple” or easily treated, the reality is …

How Immune and Hormonal Dysfunction redefine the categorisation of Endometriosis

Reframing Endometriosis part 2 Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological condition characterised by symptoms such as dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), non-menstrual pelvic pain, and infertility1,2,3. According to the World Health Organization, endometriosis affects approximately 1 in 10 women during their reproductive years, representing around 10% of women globally4. In the previous article, we explored the genetic link …

Is Endometriosis truly just a gynaecological disorder?

Reframing endometriosis part 1 Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological condition characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus1. Symptoms of endometriosis often include dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation), non-menstrual pelvic pain, and infertility1,2,3. Endometriosis affects 176 million women worldwide taking on average 8 years and 10 months from first doctor visit to diagnosis4. Currently, the …